12/17/2023 0 Comments Illegal animal hides in eu![]() Pires and Moreto 2011 Wyatt 2013 Nurse 2015 Sollund and Maher 2015 van Uhm 2016a Wong 2019 Zimmerman 2003 amongst numerous others), research that specifically focusses on the involvement of different criminal networks and their specific nature is lacking. Even though wildlife trafficking is now recognised as a major area of crime and has become an important topic for some criminologists (e.g. Nowadays, this image has changed: criminal networks are believed to be highly involved in wildlife trafficking, which has become a significant area of illicit activity (Nellemann et al. The perception was that lone individuals poached, usually for subsistence reasons. Footnote 1 In the past, the poaching of wildlife was portrayed as a small-scale local activity in which only small numbers of wildlife would be smuggled illegally by collectors or opportunists (e.g. One aspect of biodiversity loss is the poaching and trafficking of wildlife. The loss of biodiversity is one of the many environmental crises our planet is facing. Whereas there are instances when these groups act alone, this article will (also) discuss the overlap and interaction that occurs between our proposed categories and discuss the complicated nature of the involved criminal networks as well as predictions as to the future of these networks. As such, we propose categories of criminal networks that are evidenced in the literature and within our own fieldwork: (1) organized crime groups (2) corporate crime groups and (3) disorganized criminal networks. In reality, criminal networks are diverse. ![]() The concept of a ‘criminal network’ or ‘serious organized crime’ is amorphous – getting used interchangeably and describes all crime that is structured rather than solely reflecting crime that fits within normative definitions of ‘organized’ crime. Even though wildlife trafficking has become accepted as a major area of crime and an important topic and criminologists have examined a variety of illegal wildlife markets, research that specifically focusses on the involvement of different criminal networks and their specific nature is lacking. ![]() Nowadays, this image has changed: criminal networks are believed to be highly involved in wildlife trafficking, which has become a significant area of illicit activity. Historically, the poaching of wildlife was portrayed as a small-scale local activity in which only small numbers of wildlife would be smuggled illegally by collectors or opportunists. ![]()
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